Phonation = also known as Voicing. This is a product of vibrating vocal folds.

Structure of Phonatory System - Hyoid Bone and Larynx

1. Hyoid Bone - U shaped.

  • Located at the level of the 3rd cervical vertebrae
  • Structure- Body(corpus), Greater cornu(Thyroid cartilage에 붙은 한 쌍의 큰 뿔), Lesser cornu(콘 모양. 한 쌍의 작은 뿔)
  • Very Mobile
  • The only bone connected to Larynx. Not connected to any other bone in the body

2. Larynx

  • 하는일: Generates sound, Protection door from foreign materials, Heavy Lifting (hold air in lungs)
  • Part 1.  Laryngeal Cartilages- Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform, Epiglottic (Epiglottis) Cartilages
  • Part 2. Laryngeal Joints- Cricothyroid, Cricoartenoid Joints.
  • Part 3. Laryngeal Membranes and Ligaments- Extrinsic and Intrinsic Laryngeal Membranes and ligaments 
  • Part 4. Cavities and Spaces of the Larynx
  • Part 5. Layers of the Vocal Folds
  • Part 6. Laryngeal Musculature (muscles) - Intrinsic and Extrinsic Muscles 

 

Part 1. Laryngeal Cartilages


  1. Thyroid Cartilage 제일 큼. Largest of Laryngeal Cartilages, 아래에 Cricoid Cartilage 가 붙어있습니다.
    Structure
    - Thyroid laminae (=Quadrilateral plates)
    - Thyroid angle (만나는 선, Point at which the two thyroid lamiae come together
    - Thyroid notch (Superior-most point of thyroid angle 사진을 보며 이해합시다.
    - Thyroid prominence (제일 뾰족한 부분)
    - Cornu (Horn) = Located on the posterior portion of thyroid. 
    Set 1- Superior: Points towards hyoid bone
    Set 2- Inferior: Rest on cricoid cartilage
    Cricoid Cartilage 두번째로 큽니다. 2nd largest.
    Most inferior cartilage of larynx.
    1개뿐 (unpaired), ring-shaped. 반지모양.
    Structure
    - Arch (앞의 좁은 쪽 low narrow portion in front) = vocal folds 를 위한 틈(clearance)를 제공합니다
    - Posterior quadrate lamina (뒤의 두꺼운쪽, arytenoid cartilage가 articulate될수있는 point를 제공합니다: 아리테노이드 카틸리지가 붙는 곳)
    Arythenoid Cartilage cricoid cartilage 의 위에 붙은 삼각형 모양의 한쌍의 카틸리지.
    Rocking, Gliding, Rotating가능하게 함. ->onset & offset of voicing 에 이것이 중요함.
     Base, Apex, vocal process, muscular process 의 위치 확인
    Cornicular cartilages Small horn-shaped,
    Support aryepglottic fold 
    Cuneiform Cartilage 이건 뭐하는거?
    Small cartilages within the aryepiglottic fold
    anterior to corniculate cartilages
    Support for laryngeal covering
    Epiglottic Cartilage leaf-like structure
    Attached by Thyroepiglottic ligament
    Epiglottic cartilage attachment- thyroepiglottic ligament to the thyroid cartilage, top is to the hyoid bone by the hyoepiglottic ligament. (두군데인것으로 보임)
    The surface is covered with a mucousmembrane lining 뮤코스멤브레인 라이닝.
       
       
    Part 2. Laryngeal Joints- Cricothyroid, Cricoartenoid Joints.
    Cricothyroid joint 신발모양.
    Cricoid cartilage 와 thyroid cartilage 를 이어주는 조인트.
    Synovial (diarthrodial) joint 가 thyroid joint 가 앞으로 굽혀질수있게 해 줌. 
    this stretches and tense the vocal folds.
     provinces major pitch adjustment
    Crycoarytenoid joint concave portion of arytenoids articulates with convex of cricoid lamina
    Synovial joint (saddle joint) for rocking, gliding and minimal rotation
    Adduction and abduction of vocal folds
       
       
       
       

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